@PhDThesis{Ramos:2017:EsObNu,
author = "Ramos, Diogo Nunes da Silva",
title = "Estudo observacional e num{\'e}rico da camada limite
planet{\'a}ria na regi{\~a}o de Alc{\^a}ntara-MA durante
mar{\c{c}}o de 2010",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2017",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2017-08-25",
keywords = "camada limite planet{\'a}ria, perfil vertical do vento,
estabilidade atmosf{\'e}rica, previs{\~a}o num{\'e}rica de
tempo, planetary boundary layer, wind profile, atmospheric
stability, numerical weather prediction.",
abstract = "A intera{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos processos f{\'{\i}}sicos da camada
limite planet{\'a}ria (CLP) com os eventos precipitantes
tropicais ainda {\'e} pouco conhecida. Em virtude dessa lacuna no
conhecimento cient{\'{\i}}fico, a previs{\~a}o num{\'e}rica de
tempo para a regi{\~a}o permanece problem{\'a}tica. A
hip{\'o}tese de quase-neutralidade pr{\'o}xima da
superf{\'{\i}}cie na {\'e}poca chuvosa da regi{\~a}o Norte do
Nordeste brasileiro motiva a investiga{\c{c}}{\~a}o deste
trabalho. Apesar da import{\^a}ncia cient{\'{\i}}fica e
econ{\^o}mica dessa {\'a}rea (e.g. energia e{\'o}lica, setor
aeroespacial e militar), as simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es de campos
meteorol{\'o}gicos pr{\'o}ximos da superf{\'{\i}}cie continuam
limitadas. Com isso, uma an{\'a}lise observacional foi
inicialmente realizada considerando os dados coletados pelo
Projeto CHUVA entre 1 a 25 de mar{\c{c}}o de 2010 no Centro de
Lan{\c{c}}amento de Alc{\^a}ntara (CLA), estado do
Maranh{\~a}o. A investiga{\c{c}}{\~a}o das defici{\^e}ncias
num{\'e}ricas foi poss{\'{\i}}vel atrav{\'e}s das vers{\~o}es
3D e 1D do modelo WRF. A verifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos experimentos
considerou tr{\^e}s intervalos com situa{\c{c}}{\~o}es
sin{\'o}ticas distintas: per{\'{\i}}odo seco - 7 a
10/Mar{\c{c}}o/2010; VCAN - 11 a 14/Mar{\c{c}}o/2010; e ZCIT -
20 a 23/Mar{\c{c}}o/2010. A precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o foi
predominantemente noturna, atingindo 78\% do total mensal
observado. A estrutura vertical termodin{\^a}mica e mec{\^a}nica
pr{\'o}xima da superf{\'{\i}}cie foi pouco vari{\'a}vel nos
dias sem precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o, prevalecendo as
caracter{\'{\i}}sticas da CLP mar{\'{\i}}tima. Os sistemas
sin{\'o}ticos alteram a CLP de maneiras distintas. O VCAN
intensifica a instabilidade din{\^a}mica da CLP atrav{\'e}s do
aumento no cisalhamento vertical do vento. A ZCIT resfria a camada
abaixo de 1 km em 4\$\cong\$ 2 \$^{o}\$C, tornando o vento
mais calmo e estabilizando as camadas pr{\'o}ximas da
superf{\'{\i}}cie. Com a confirma{\c{c}}{\~a}o observacional
da quase-neutralidade no per{\'{\i}}odo chuvoso, um fato
interessante foi descoberto: sua frequ{\^e}ncia {\'e} maior no
per{\'{\i}}odo noturno dos dias secos e p{\'o}s-VCAN. O
refinamento topogr{\'a}fico aplicado no WRF3D identificou as
fal{\'e}sias e beneficiou apenas a simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o da
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o. A parametriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o de CLP
n{\~a}o-local, ACM2, obteve os menores erros nos experimentos 3D
e 1D, principalmente para a altura da CLP e o gradiente vertical
de \$\theta\$. A vers{\~a}o 1D permitiu um ganho na
determina{\c{c}}{\~a}o de U\$_{10}\$, cujo vi{\'e}s
m{\'e}dio foi pr{\'o}ximo de 0,5 m s\$^{ -1}\$ , enquanto o 3D
atingiu 0,7 m s \$^{-1}\$ . A defici{\^e}ncia do WRF3D para a
estabilidade atmosf{\'e}rica esteve relacionada ao fraco
cisalhamento do vento simulado, tornando a CLP mais est{\'a}vel
do que as observa{\c{c}}{\~o}es indicaram. Todavia, a
metodologia empregada nos experimentos 1D corrigiram essas
limita{\c{c}}{\~o}es, aprimorando as simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es do
CAPE e da precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o \$\leq\$ 10 mm h \$^{-1}\$
. Os resultados obtidos foram consistentes, com grande potencial
para fins operacionais, de pesquisa e desenvolvimento
tecnol{\'o}gico. ABSTRACT: The interaction of the physical
processes of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) with the tropical
precipitation events is still poorly known. The numerical weather
prediction (NWP) over this region remains problematic due to the
lack of scientific knowledge about the tropical processes within
the PBL. The quasi-neutrality hypothesis near the surface in the
rainy season of the Northern Coast of Brazil (NCB) motivates the
investigation of this work. Despite the scientific and economic
importance of this arca (e.g., wind energy, aerospace and
military), simulations of near-surface meteorological fields
remain limited. Thus, an observational analysis was initially
performed considering the data collected by the CHUVA Project from
March 1 to 25, 2010 at the Alc{\^a}ntara Launch Center (ALC),
situated at the Maranh{\~a}o state. The NWP deficiencies analysis
was possible through the 31) and 1D versions of the WRF model. The
verification of the experiments considered three intervals with
different synoptic situations: Dry period - 7 to 10/March/2010;
UTCV - 11 to 14/March/2010; and ITCZ - 20 to 23/March/2010.
Precipitation was predominantly nocturnal, reaching 78\% of the
monthly total observed. The vertical thermodynamic and mechanical
structure near-surface was slightly variable on days without
precipitation, with the predominance of marine PBL. Synoptic
systems change PBL in different ways. The UTCV intensifies the
dynamic instability by wind shear increase. The ITCZ cooler the
layer below 1 km in 4\$\cong\$ 2\$^{o}\$C, making the wind
calmer and the near-surface more stratified. With the
observational confirmation of quasi-neutrality in the rainy
season, an interesting fact was discovered: its frequency is
highest in the nocturnal period of dry and post-UTCV days. The
topographic refinement applied in the WRF3D identified the cliffs
and benefited only the precipitation simulation. The non-local PBL
parametrization, ACM2, obtained the smallest bias in the numerical
experiments, mainly for the PBL depth and the lapse rate of
\$\theta\$. WRF1D allowed again in the determination of
U\$_{10}\$ , whose mean bias was dose to 0.5 m s\$^{-1}\$ ,
while the 3D reached 0.7 m s\$^{-1}\$. The WRF3D deficiency for
the atmospheric stability was related to the weak shear of the
simulated wind, making the PBL more stable than the indicated
observations. However, the methodology employed in the 1D
experiments corrected these limitations by enhancing the mixed
layer CAPE and the precipitation \$\leq\$ 10 mm h\$^{-1}\$
simulations. The results obtained were consistent, with great
potential for operational purposes, of research and technological
development.",
committee = "Fisch, Gilberto Fernando (presidente) and Fernandez, Julio Pablo
Reyes (orientador) and Sapucci, Luiz Fernando and Moraes, Osvaldo
Luiz Leal de and Costa, Felipe Denardin",
englishtitle = "Observational and numerical study of the planetary boundary layer
in the Alc{\^a}ntara-MA during March 2010",
language = "pt",
pages = "167",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3PBBESE",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3PBBESE",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}